worked it out more thoroughly, and has adduced
embryological evidence in its support; but the views of both writers are
substantially the same, and their theories were arrived at quite
independently. The names of Galton and Weismann should therefore be
associated as discoverers of what may be considered (if finally
established) the most important contribution to the evolution theory
since the appearance of the _Origin of Species_.]

CHAPTER XV

DARWINISM APPLIED TO MAN

General identity of human and animal structure--Rudiments and
variations showing relation of man to other mammals--The
embryonic development of man and other mammalia--Diseases common
to man and the lower animals--The animals most nearly allied to
man--The brains of man and apes--External differences of man and
apes--Summary of the animal characteristics of man--The
geological antiquity of man--The probable birthplace of man--The
origin of the moral and intellectual nature of man--The argument
from continuity--The origin of the mathematical faculty--The
origin of the musical and artistic faculties--Independent proof
that these faculties have not been developed by natural
selection--The interpretation of the facts--Concluding remarks.

Our review of modern Darwinism might fitly have terminated with the
preceding chapter; but the immense interest that attaches to the origin
of the human race, and the amount of misconception which prevails
regarding the essential teachings of Darwin's theory on this question,
as well as regarding my own special views upon it, induce me to devote a
final chapter to its discussion.

To any one who considers the structure of man's body, even in the most
superficial manner, it must be evident that it is the body of an animal,
differing greatly, it is true, from the bodies of all other animals, but
agreeing with them in all essential features. The bony structure of man
classes him as a vertebrate; the mode of suckling his young classes him
as a mammal; his blood, his muscles, and his nerves, the structure of
his heart with its veins and arteries, his lungs and his whole
respiratory and circulatory systems, all closely correspond to those of
other mammals, and are often almost identical with them. He possesses
the same number of limbs terminating in the same number of digits as
belong fundamentally to the mammalian class. His senses are identical
with theirs, and