absolute equality to all. It is this very equality which has upset
his calculations, by its leaving too few malcontents among the Dutch
population to make any general rising of them possible in Natal or the
Cape, on which rising Kruger staked his hope of success in the struggle.
As for the Transvaal Boers, the only part they have in the war is to
fight for their independence, which was never threatened until they
invaded British territory, and thus compelled the Queen's Government to
defend it.

"The only alternative left to England to refuse fighting would have been
the ground that all war is wrong; but as neither England nor any other
nation has ever taken this Christian ground, there was in reality no
alternative. Is it fair to stigmatise England as endeavouring to crush
two small and weak nations because they have been so small in wisdom and
weak in common sense as to become the tools of the daring and crafty
autocrat who has decoyed both friend and foe into this war?--I am, with
high esteem, thy friend,--JOHN BELLOWS."

It does not come within the scope of this treatise to deal with the
case of the Uitlanders, but I have given the foregoing, because it is a
clear and concise statement of that case, and because it expresses the
strong conviction that I and many others have had from the first, that
the worst enemy the Boers have is their own Government. A Government
could scarcely be found less amenable to the principles of all just Law,
which exists alike for Rulers and ruled. These principles have been
violated in the most reckless manner by President Kruger and his
immediate supporters. The Boers are suffering now, and paying with their
life-blood for the sins of their Government. Pity and sympathy for them,
(more especially for those among them who undoubtedly possess higher
qualities than mere military prowess and physical courage,) are
consistent with the strongest condemnation of the duplicity and
lawlessness of their Government.

* * * * *

The Rev. Charles Phillips, who has been eleven years in South Africa,
has given his opinion on the native question.

It was part of the Constitution of the Transvaal that no equality in
Church or State should be permitted between whites and blacks. In Cape
Colony, on the contrary, the Constitution insisted that there should be
no difference in consequence of colour. Mr. Phillips enumerates the
oppressive conditions under which the native