A'S CONQUEST OF CAESAR AND ANTONY," ii, 295.

50. Caesar returns to Italy; jealousy between him and Pompey arouses the
people of Rome.

49. War breaks out between Caesar and Pompey; the second civil war in
Rome.

48. Pompey is defeated by Caesar at Pharsalia; Pompey flees to Egypt,
where he is assassinated.

47. The Roman senate appoints Caesar dictator, M. Antony as his master of
the horse. Caesar subdues Egypt.

46. Caesar overwhelms the Pompeians in Africa at the battle of Thapsus;
Juba, King of Numidia, on the defeat, takes his own life.[92]

[Footnote 92: Other authorities say he fell in battle.]

Death of Cato.

The calendar is reformed by Caesar.

45. Caesar conquers the sons of Pompey at Munda, Spain. He is appointed
dictator for life.

44. Brutus, Cassius, and other conspirators murder Caesar in Rome. See
"ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR," ii, 313.

Conflict for power between Antony and Octavius; Cicero's oration secures
Octavius' success in Rome.

Antony resorts to arms to regain his lost ascendency. See "ROME BECOMES
A MONARCHY," ii, 333.

43. Second Triumvirate at Rome, formed by Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus.

Murder of Cicero. Birth of Ovid.

42. Brutus and Cassius are defeated at the two battles of Philippi. See
"ROME BECOMES A MONARCHY," ii, 333.

41. Octavius and Antony's party war in Italy.

Fulvia, the wife of Antony, and the consul Lucius, his brother, oppose
Octavius, who drives them from Rome. See "ROME BECOMES A MONARCHY," ii,
333.

40. Herod I, in his absence at Rome, is proclaimed by Antony and
Octavius king of Judea.

Antony accompanies Cleopatra to Egypt. See "ROME BECOMES A MONARCHY,"
ii, 333.

39. Herod lands in Syria to take the throne of Judea.

38. Pompey is defeated in a naval engagement and loses all his fleet.

37. Herod conquers Jerusalem; the Asmonean house ends.

36. Lepidus, aspiring to greater power, is deserted by his soldiers and
ejected from the triumvirate.

31. War of Antony and Octavius; Octavius is victorious at Actium: he
becomes master of the Roman dominions. Flight of Antony with Cleopatra
to Egypt. See "ROME BECOMES A MONARCHY," ii, 333.

30. Death of Antony and Cleopatra. See "ROME BECOMES A MONARCHY," ii,
333.

Egypt becomes a Roman province.

27. Octavius has a triumph at Rome and receives the title of Augustus.

The temple of Janus is closed.

24. Aelius Gallus, governor of Egypt, fails in an expedition into
Arabia.

19. Final subju