appears of the New World.

The early maps of "Apphrica" are filled with camels and unicorns, lions
and tigers, veiled figures and the turrets and spires of strange
buildings--

"Geographers in Afric maps
With savage pictures fill their gaps."

"Surely," says a modern writer,--"surely the old cartographer was less
concerned to fill his gaps than to express the poetry of geography."

And to-day, there are still gaps in the most modern maps of Africa,
where one-eleventh of the whole area remains unexplored. Further, in
Asia the problem of the Brahmaputra Falls is yet unsolved; there are
shores untrodden and rivers unsurveyed.

"God hath given us some things, and not all things, that our successors
also might have somewhat to do," wrote Barents in the sixteenth century.
There may not be much left, but with the words of Kipling's _Explorer_
we may fitly conclude--

"Something hidden. Go and find it. Go and look behind the Ranges--
Something lost behind the Ranges. Lost and waiting for you. Go!"

Thanks are due to Mr. S. G. Stubbs for valuable assistance in the
selection and preparation of the illustrations, which, with few
exceptions, have been executed under his directions.

CONTENTS

CHAP. PAGE
I. A LITTLE OLD WORLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. EARLY MARINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
III. IS THE WORLD FLAT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
IV. HERODOTUS--THE TRAVELLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
V. ALEXANDER THE GREAT EXPLORES INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . 35
VI. PYTHEAS FINDS THE BRITISH ISLES . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
VII. JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
VIII. STRABO'S GEOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
IX. THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
X. PTOLEMY'S MAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
XI. PILGRIM TRAVELLERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
XII. IRISH EXPLORERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
XIII. AFTER MOHAMMED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
XIV. THE VIKINGS SAIL THE NORTHERN SEAS . . . . . . . . . . . 93
XV. ARAB WAYFARERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
XVI. TRAVELLERS TO THE EAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
XVII. MARCO POLO . . . . . . . . . .