arated. The mole has the faculty of scratching
burrows, and the instinct to apply it. The bird of passage has the
faculty of finding its way and the instinct to put it in action at
certain periods. It can hardly be said to have the faculty of
knowing the time, for it can possess no means, without indeed it be
some consciousness of passing sensations. Think over all habitual
actions and see whether faculties and instincts can be separated.
We have faculty of waking in the night, if an instinct prompted us
to do something at certain hour of night or day. Savages finding
their way. Wrangel's account--probably a faculty inexplicable by
the possessor. There are besides faculties "_means_," as conversion
of larvae into neuters and queens. I think all this generally
implied, anyhow useful. <This discussion, which does not occur in
the _Origin_, is a first draft of that which follows in the text,
p. 123.>

_Variation in the mental attributes of wild animals._

With respect to the variation{284} of the mental powers of animals in a
wild state, we know that there is a considerable difference in the
disposition of different individuals of the same species, as is
recognised by all those who have had the charge of animals in a
menagerie. With respect to the wildness of animals, that is fear
directed particularly against man, which appears to be as true an
instinct as the dread of a young mouse of a cat, we have excellent
evidence that it is slowly acquired and becomes hereditary. It is also
certain that, in a natural state, individuals of the same species lose
or do not practice their migratory instincts--as woodcocks in Madeira.
With respect to any variation in the more complicated instincts, it is
obviously most difficult to detect, even more so than in the case of
corporeal structure, of which it has been admitted the variation is
exceedingly small, and perhaps scarcely any in the majority of species
at any one period. Yet, to take one excellent case of instinct, namely
the nests of birds, those who have paid most attention to the subject
maintain that not only certain individuals <? species> seem to be able
to build very imperfectly, but that a difference in skill may not
unfrequently be detected between individuals{285}. Certain birds,
moreover, adapt their nests to circumstances; the water-ouzel makes no
vault when she builds under cover of a rock--the sp