past and
present, the relation of different parts of same great area. If
island, to adjoining continent, if quite different, on mountain
summits,--the number of individuals not being related to
capabilities, or how &c.--our theory, I believe, can throw much
light and all facts accord.

{132} See _Origin_, Ed. i. p. 390, vi. p. 543.

{133} On oscillation see _Origin_, Ed. i. p. 291, vi. p. 426.

The detection of transitional forms would be rendered more difficult on
rising point of land.

The distribution therefore in the above enumerated points, even the
trivial ones, which on any other <theory?> can be viewed as so many
ultimate facts, all follow <in> a simple manner on the theory of the
occurrence of species by <illegible> and being adapted by selection to
<illegible>, conjoined with their power of dispersal, and the steady
geographico-geological changes which are now in progress and which
undoubtedly have taken place. Ought to state the opinion of the
immutability of species and the creation by so many separate acts of
will of the Creator{134}.

{134} <From the back of MS.> Effect of climate on stationary island
and on continent, but continent once island. Moreover repeated
oscillations fresh diffusion when non-united, then isolation, when
rising again immigration prevented, new habitats formed, new
species, when united free immigration, hence uniform characters.
Hence more forms <on?> the island. Mountain summits. Why not true
species. First let us recall in Part I, conditions of variation:
change of conditions during several generations, and if frequently
altered so much better [perhaps excess of food]. Secondly, continued
selection [while in wild state]. Thirdly, isolation in all or nearly
all,--as well to recall advantages of.

[In continent, if we look to terrestrial animal, long continued
change might go on, which would only cause change in numerical
number <? proportions>: if continued long enough might ultimately
affect all, though to most continents <there is> chance of
immigration. Some few of whole body of species must be long affected
and entire selection working same way. But here isolation absent,
without barrier, cut off such <illegible>. We can see advantage of
isolation. But let us take case of island thrown up by volcanic
agency at some distances, here we sho