;
warning to Germany of American rights on high seas, 46;
_Lusitania_ notes, 53-57, 61;
to Germany (April 19, 1916), 61, 107

Officers' training camp, 130-131

Olney, Richard, on American foreign policy, 33

_Orduna_, submarine attack on, 56

Oregon, question of initiative and referendum in, 15

Orlando, V. E., signs plea for American troops, 210;
in Council of Ten, 272;
on Council of Premiers, 277;
and Fiume claim, 312;
retires from Conference, 313;
resumes place in Conference, 314

Overman Act, 149, 157, 189, 190

Pacifists, Wilson as pacifist, 39-40;
organizations, 73;
Ford's "Peace Ship," 74;
oppose preparedness, 81;
and Liberty Loans, 187

Paderewski, I. J., and Council of Ten, 274

Panama Canal, question of tolls, 35

Papen, Franz von, German military attache, 75, 76;
letter to his wife, 77;
dismissed, 78

Paris, fears capture (1918), 210;
_see also_ Peace Conference

Peace Conference, 254 _et seq._;
Wilson at, 23;
American Commission, 248-50;
delay in opening, 256-57, 285;
lack of organization, 257;
atmosphere, 257-58;
meets (Jan. 18, 1919), 261;
commissions, 275-76;
German delegates at, 317;
bibliography, 364-65

"Peace Ship," Henry Ford sends to Europe, 74

_Pennsylvania_, battleship, precedes _George Washington_ out of New York
harbor, 253

Peronne, capture of, 192

Pershing, General J. J., Mexican expedition, 87, 88;
commands American Expeditionary Force, 122, 123-24, 148;
personal characteristics, 123;
calls for replacements, 130;
insistent on offensive spirit, 131;
and Browning guns, 138;
plea for troops, 194, 196;
policy, 205;
policy shattered, 208-09;
confidence in American troops, 211, 222;
on Americans at Soissons, 216;
and armistice, 244;
ready for invasion of Germany, 320

Petain, General H. P., Pershing compared with, 123;
supports Foch, 207

Philippines, and American foreign policy, 32;
problem in 1912, 35;
Pershing's experience in, 123

Pichon, Stephane, French Foreign Minister, Council of Ten meets in
study of, 264;
in Council of Ten, 267

Pittsburgh, Wilson speaks at, 83

Plattsburg (N. Y.), civilian camp at, 82

Plebiscites, 326;
_see also_ Self-determination

Poland, Austria and Poles, 232;
claims, 282;
nationalistic ambitions aroused by treaty, 322;
independence recognized, 324;
outlet to sea, 326;
and League, 328

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