or 5, and
then proceed to add as units. The sum of these figures thus set out
will be the number of tens to be carried to the next column.

6^{2} 2 8
3 5^{2} 4^{1}
2 8 4
9 6 2
7^{2} 1 8^{2}
8 3^{2} 5
5 2 7
1^{1} 3 2^{1}
5 8 8
_________________
5 0 2 8

SHORT METHODS OF MULTIPLICATION.

For certain classes of examples in multiplication short methods may be
employed and the labor of calculation reduced, but of course for the
great bulk of multiplications no practical abbreviation remains. A
person having much multiplying to do should learn the table up to
twenty, which can be done without much labor.

To multiply any number by 10, 100, or 1000, simply annex one, two, or
three ciphers, as the case may be. If it is desired to multiply by
20, 300, 5000, or a number greater than one with any number of ciphers
annexed, multiply first by the number and then annex as many ciphers
as the multiplier contains.

TABLE.

5 cents equal 1/20 of a dollar.
10 cents equal 1/10 of a dollar.
12-1/2 cents equal 1/8 of a dollar.
16-2/3 cents equal 1/6 of a dollar.
20 cents equal 1/5 of a dollar.
25 cents equal 1/4 of a dollar.
33-1/3 cents equal 1/3 of a dollar.
50 cents equal 1/2 of a dollar.

Articles of merchandise are often bought and sold by the pound, yard,
or gallon, and whenever the price is an equal part of a dollar, as
seen in the above table, the whole cost may be easily found by adding
two ciphers to the number of pounds or yards and dividing by the
equivalent in the table.

_Example_. What cost 18 dozen eggs at 16-2/3c per dozen?

6)1800
_____
$3.00

_Example_. What cost 10 pounds butter at 25c per pound?

4)1000
-----
$2.50

Or, if the pounds are equal parts of one hundred and the price is
not, then the same result may be obtained by dividing the price by the
equivalent of the quantity as seen in the table; thus, in the above
case, if the price were 10c and the number of pounds 25, it would be
worked just the same.

_Example_. Find the cost of 50 yards of gingham at 14c a yard.

2)1400
-----
$7.00

When the price is one dollar and twenty-five cents, fifty cents, or
any number found in the table, the re