much to popularise Pantomime. Half a dozen years afterwards
we find him at the Olympic Theatre, New York, where he produced "Humpty
Dumpty," which ran 483 nights, and for five years, till 1873, it held
its place, on and off, in the bill. Altogether it was played 943 times.
Fox, from this, was known as Humpty Dumpty, and, strangely enough, also,
the Americans for long enough afterwards called every Pantomime "Humpty
Dumpty."

Fox was a very good mimic, imitating all the Hamlets of the day, besides
being a good melodramatic actor. He died October 24th, 1877, at
Cambridge, Mass., of softening of the brain.

Tony Denier, a pupil of the Ravels, and a quondam friend of Fox, next
took Fox's place in the estimation of the American public. Of Denier, we
are told that he arrived in Boston in 1852, with the proverbial
half-crown in his pocket. He was of French extraction, and descended
from one of the best French families. In 1863 he was with P.T. Barnum,
and appearing as a one-legged dancer. In 1868, he went into Pantomime,
toured "Humpty Dumpty," and for some twenty years afterwards kept the
Pantomimic ball merrily rolling until his retirement at Chicago into
private life. Denier made Harlequinade tricks a speciality.

Pantomime in America may be said to have lived about a quarter of a
century; but in the autumn of this year (1901) Pantomime, as we now know
it in this country, made its first appearance at the Broadway Theatre,
New York, when last year's Drury Lane annual, "The Sleeping Beauty and
the Beast," was successfully presented. It is very probable that this
class of entertainment will become very popular in America.

CHAPTER XXI.

Pantomimes made more attractive--The Restrictive Policy of the Patent
Houses--"Mother Goose" and "George Barnwell" at Covent Garden--Lively
Audiences--"Jane Shore"--"Harlequin Pat and Harlequin Bat"--"The first
speaking opening"--Extravagence in Extravaganzas--The doom of the old
form of Pantomime--Its revival in a new form--A piece of pure
Pantomime--Present day Mimetic Art--"_L'Enfant Prodigue_"--A
retrospect--The old with the new, and conclusion.

Pantomimes, as they grew, were made more and more attractive, "new
scenery, decorations, and flyings" were introduced, and with new
"flyings," of course, more accidents.

The restrictive policy adopted by the Patent theatres--till the repeal
of their patents (1843)--towards the minor houses, which gave to the
former the sole and onl