risoner and make it possible to find
out how far he could be trusted, at the same time showing the treatment
and environment he needed for future development. Where this confidence
could not be had, safety would probably require a longer term. Most men
respond to kind treatment. The criminal has so long looked on the world
as his enemy, especially the official world, that he hesitates to trust
anyone. Still the really sympathetic and kindly man who is honestly
trying to help him will sooner or later get his confidence and
cooeperation. Every prisoner should understand that all of those around
him are anxious to educate him so as to fit him for society and to put
him in an environment where he can live. Even then there would be
mistakes, and a portion of the prisoners would be so defective or
imperfect that they never could be released; but under proper treatment
many would be restored to association with their fellow-men.

It will be a long time before it will be safe to make sentences entirely
indeterminate. Boards cannot be trusted to give such time and work and
judgment to their task as will prevent cases of great injustice. Until
such time shall come either the statutes must fix an unbending and
arbitrary time which takes no account of individual cases, or it must be
left with the court or jury. Clearly the jury should fix the maximum,
leaving the members of the board to reduce the penalty if they deem it
wise.

Most men are forgotten when they go to prison, especially if they have
no active friends on the outside. No board can fully keep in mind all
the inmates of a large prison. It may be that by some system their
attention is automatically called to the man at certain times, but this
matters very little. Someone should know he is there and why, and who he
is. He should not be an abstract, but a concrete man. For these reasons,
a limit should always be set on a punishment and the limit should not be
too long. The idea of a tribunal, perhaps including the judge who passed
sentence, having the power and the duty imposed upon him to review
sentences and reduce them if it seemed best from time to time, might
have a good effect. The feelings of most men in reference to the degree
of punishment change as time goes by. Always with the punishment is a
strong feeling of both hate and fear. It is not possible really to
punish, that is, to inflict suffering without hate or fear. The most
necessary thing in preparing soldier