ll
in such case for the first offence forfeit to the said Lord Proprietary
and his heires the sum of five pound sterling.... Whatsoever person
shall henceforth upon any occasion... declare, call, or denominate any
person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traffiqueing, trading
or comerceing within this Province, or within any of the Ports, Harbors,
Creeks or Havens to the same belonging, an heritick, Scismatick,
Idolator, puritan, Independant, Presbiterian, popish priest, Jesuite,
Jesuited papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist, Antinomian,
Barrowist, Roundhead, Separtist, or any other name or term in a
reproachful manner relating to matter of Religion, shall for every such
Offence forfeit... the sum of tenne shillings sterling....

"Whereas the inforceing of the conscience in matters of Religion
hath frequently fallen out to be of dangerous Consequence in those
commonwealths where it hath been practised,... be it therefore also
by the Lord Proprietary with the advice and consent of this Assembly,
ordeyned and enacted... that no person or persons whatsoever within this
Province...professing to beleive in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth
bee any waies troubled, molested or discountenanced for or in respect
of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof... nor anyway
compelled to the beleif or exercise of any other Religion against his or
her consent, soe as they be not unfaithfull to the Lord Proprietary or
molest or conspire against the civill Government..."

* "Archives of Maryland, Proceedings and Acts of the General
Assembly", vol. I, pp. 244-247.

CHAPTER XI. COMMONWEALTH AND RESTORATION

On the 30th of January, 1649, before the palace of Whitehall, Charles
the First of England was beheaded. In Virginia the event fell with a
shock. Even those within the colony who were Cromwell's men rather than
Charles's men seem to have recoiled from this act. Presently, too, came
fleeing royalists from overseas, to add their passionate voices to those
of the royalists in Virginia. Many came, "nobility, clergy and gentry,
men of the first rate." A thousand are said to have arrived in the year
after the King's death.

In October the Virginia Assembly met. Parliament men--and now these were
walking with head in the air--might regret the execution of the past
January, and yet be prepared to assert that with the fall of the kingdom
fell all powers and offices named and decreed by the