rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1990)

Infant mortality rate: 136 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

Life expectancy at birth: 38 years male, 40 years female (1990)

Total fertility rate: 5.3 children born/woman (1990)

Nationality: noun--Chadian(s); adjective--Chadian

Ethnic divisions: some 200 distinct ethnic groups, most of whom are
Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and
Maba) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye,
Moudang, Moussei, Massa) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, of whom
1,000 are French

Religion: 44% Muslim, 33% Christian, 23% indigenous beliefs,
animism

Language: French and Arabic (official); Sara and Sango in south; more
than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken

Literacy: 25.3%

Labor force: NA; 85% agriculture (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming,
herding, and fishing)

Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force

- Government
Long-form name: Republic of Chad

Type: republic

Capital: N'Djamena

Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures,
singular--prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi,
Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi,
Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile

Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France)

Constitution: 22 December 1989

Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: National Day (founding of the Third Republic),
7 June (1982)

Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch: unicameral National Consultative Council
(Conseil National Consultatif)

Judicial branch: Court of Appeal

Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Hissein HABRE
(since 19 June 1982)

Political parties and leaders: National Union for Independence and
Revolution (UNIR) established June 1984 with Habre as President;
numerous dissident groups (most significant opponents have returned
to the government since mid-1986)

Suffrage: universal at age NA

Elections:
President--last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held December
1996);
results--President Habre was reelected without opposition

Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few
Communists and some sympathizers

Other political or pressure groups: NA

Member of: ACP, AfDB, CEAO, Conferenc