pper, zinc,
cobalt, lead, tobacco; partners--EC, Japan, South Africa, US

Imports: $687 million (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--machinery,
transportation equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures; partners--EC,
Japan, South Africa, US

External debt: $6.9 billion (December 1989)

Industrial production: growth rate NA% (1986)

Electricity: 1,900,000 kW capacity; 8,245 million kWh produced,
1,050 kWh per capita (1989)

Industries: copper mining and processing, transport, construction,
foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer

Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 85% of labor force;
crops--corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco,
cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs produced;
marginally self-sufficient in corn

Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-88), $466 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $4.2 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-88),
$533 million

Currency: Zambian kwacha (plural--kwacha);
1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee

Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1--21.7865 (January 1990),
12.9032 (1989), 8.2237 (1988), 8.8889 (1987), 7.3046 (1986), 2.7137 (1985)

Fiscal year: calendar year

- Communications
Railroads: 1,266 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track

Highways: 36,370 km total; 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone, gravel,
or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers,
Lake Tanganyika

Pipelines: 1,724 km crude oil

Ports: Mpulungu (lake port)

Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft

Airports: 121 total, 106 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways;
1 with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 22 with runways
1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa;
high-capacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; 71,700
telephones; stations--11 AM, 3 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth stations--1 Indian
Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT

- Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Air Force, Police, Paramilitary

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,683,758; 883,283 fit for military
service

Defense expenditures: NA
----------------------------------------------------
Country: Zimbabwe
- Geography
Total area: 390,580 km2; land area: 386,670 km2

Comparative area: slightly larger tha