sometimes ranging from one
hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty degrees--but remains under the
rainy belt, drawn from the heated waters which flow up from the South
Atlantic, and travels north as the rainy belt travels north in summer, and
south to the Gulf of Guinea, as that travels south in winter. The same is
true of the Pacific monsoon, the Tapayaguas, the least marked of all,
which blows in during the rainy season upon the west coast of Southern
Mexico, and of Southern and Central America. They are all incident rain or
storm winds, blowing in upon the land, or on to a colder surface of
different polarity, _during the rainy season_; and if it were possible to
catch one of our north-easters, in its passage over our country to the
eastward, and anchor it to the Alleghanies, "paying out" so to have it
reach in part over the Atlantic, and keep it there in operation six
months, we should have a continual easterly wind under it; a _monsoon_
more strongly marked than the monsoons of the Indian, or Atlantic Oceans.
_The received theory in relation to them is a fallacy._

Recapitulating, then, all the phenomena, we have,--_Surface-trades_,
blowing toward the center, passing through each other, and continuing on
as upper or counter-trades; a _belt of rains_, with calms near the center,
formed by the trades where they meet and pass through each other, which
travels with them north and south following the sun; _two belts of
drought_, following the belt of rains and the trades, and followed by the
_extra_-tropical line of rains, as it travels with the trades and the
rainy belt, leaving a part of the earth which the equatorial rainy belt
does not travel far enough north, nor the extra-tropical line of rains far
enough south to cover, and which is consequently a _rainless region_; _the
monsoons_, which are but incidents of the rainy belt, and the _gathered
volumes_ of counter-trade, on the west of the two great oceans, which
usurp the place of the N. E. trades, carrying the rainy belt up to the
region of extra-tropical rain, and preventing the rainless region from
encircling the earth.

Upon _what cause_ do these great central phenomena, so vast, so regular,
so wonderful, depend? What is the _motive power_ of this connected
atmospheric machinery, whose action and influence extend over the entire
globe?

"_Heat, heat_," say the text books, the Professors, the votaries of
meteorology. "All these phenomena are owing to the h