ir which blew off the chaff and debris. The clean
grain fell into a container beneath the mill. The operator turned a
crank which operated both the screens and the fan. Gift of Massachusetts
Society for Promoting Agriculture.

150. Hoe, mid 19th century. USNM 230322; 1958. A small hand hoe used for
cultivating. Gift of Farmer's Museum, Hadley, Massachusetts.

151. Tile Knife, late 19th century. USNM 230322; 1958. This knife,
resembling a small spade, was used to cut the trench in which tile was
laid. It has a triangular metal cutter at right angles on the right
side, and this gave the trench a straight edge on one side and perhaps
helped keep the trench straight. Gift of Farmer's Museum, Hadley,
Massachusetts.

152. Hand Hayfork, about 1895. USNM 230322; 1958. Farmers used this
metal fork for pitching hay, straw, and possibly manure. Gift of
Farmer's Museum, Hadley, Massachusetts.

153. Grain Sickle, 19th century. USNM 230322; 1958. This hand tool for
harvesting grain has not changed in design for the last thousand years.
The sickle has a curved blade some 22 inches long. The reaper would grab
a handful of stalks and cut them with the blade. One man could cut up
to an acre of grain by this method. Gift of Farmer's Museum, Hadley,
Massachusetts.

154. Grafting Knife, possibly 20th century. USNM 230322; 1958. A knife
especially designed to make the cuts necessary for grafting branches
onto fruit trees. Gift of Farmer's Museum, Hadley, Massachusetts.

155. Manure Fork, possibly 20th century. USNM 230322; 1958. A typical
manure fork. Gift of Farmer's Museum, Hadley, Massachusetts.

156. Ox Muzzle, about 1830. USNM 230322; 1958. Threshers used the muzzle
to prevent the ox from stopping to graze while pulling equipment or from
eating the grain while treading on it in a threshing operation. This
muzzle is made of thin strips of wood. Gift of Farmer's Museum, Hadley,
Massachusetts.

157. Hay Cutter, 20th century. USNM 230322; 1958. A knife made with the
handle and serrated blade as one piece, all of metal. A wooden stock
with a handgrip is fastened to the metal handle. This tool obviously was
intended for cutting very small amounts of hay. Gift of Farmer's Museum,
Hadley, Massachusetts.

158. Narrow Hoe, probably mid 19th century. USNM 230322; 1958. This is a
typical cultivating hoe. Farmers used hoes of this type for cultivating
crops until the innovation of plows and harrows. Gift of Farmer's
Museum, Hadley, Massac