er of the Great Conde. He performed
creditable things in the war of the Austrian Succession (in Piedmont
1744, in Belgium 1745); had a scheme of foreign policy as director of
the secret diplomacy of Lewis XV. (1745-1756), which was to make
Turkey, Poland, Sweden, Prussia, a barrier against Russia primarily,
and Austria secondarily; lastly went into moderate opposition to the
court, protesting against the destruction of the _parlements_ (1771),
and afterwards opposing the reforms of Turgot (1776). Finally he had
the honour of refusing the sacraments of the church on his deathbed.
See Martin's _Hist. de France_, xv. and xvi.

[5] _Conf._, 97. _Corr._, v. 215.

[6] _Corr._, ii. 144. Oct. 7, 1760.

[7] _Conf._, x. 98.

[8] The reader will distinguish this correspondent of Rousseau's,
_Comtesse_ de Boufflers-Rouveret (1727-18--), from the _Duchesse_ de
Boufflers, which was the title of Rousseau's Marechale de Luxembourg
before her second marriage. And also from the _Marquise_ de Boufflers,
said to be the mistress of the old king Stanislaus at Luneville, and
the mother of the Chevalier de Boufflers (who was the intimate of
Voltaire, sat in the States General, emigrated, did homage to
Napoleon, and finally died peaceably under Lewis XVIII.). See Jal's
_Dict. Critique_, 259-262. Sainte Beuve has an essay on our present
Comtesse de Boufflers (_Nouveaux Lundis_, iv. 163). She is the Madame
de Boufflers who was taken by Beauclerk to visit Johnson in his Temple
chambers, and was conducted to her coach by him in a remarkable manner
(Boswell's _Life_, ch. li. p. 467). Also much talked of in H.
Walpole's Letters. See D'Alembert to Frederick, April 15, 1768.

[9] Streckeisen, ii. 32.

[10] _Conf._, x. 71.

[11] For instance, _Corr._ ii. 85, 90, 92, etc. 1759.

[12] Streckeisen, ii. 28, etc.

[13] _Ib._, 29.

[14] _Conf._, x. 99.

[15] _Ib._, x. 57.

[16] _Ib._, xi. 119.

[17] _Corr._, ii. 196. Feb. 16, 1761.

[18] _Ib._, ii. 102, 176, etc.

[19] _Conf._, x. 60.

[20] _Corr._, ii. 12.

[21] As M. St. Marc Girardin has put it: "There are in all Rousseau's
discussions two things to be carefully distinguished from one another;
the maxims of the discourse, and the conclusions of the controversy.
The maxims are ordinarily paradoxical; the conclusions are full of
good sense." _Rev. des Deux Mondes_, Aug. 1852, p. 501.

[22] _Corr._, ii. 244-246. Oct. 24, 1761.

[23] _Ib._, 1766. _Oeuv._, lxxv. 364.

[24] _Corr._,