o papers: "The Pathological Nasal
Reflex" (_New York Medical Journal_, August 20, 1887) and "The
Physiological and Pathological Relations between the Nose and the
Sexual Apparatus of Man" (_Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin_,
January 1, 1898). A number of cases have also been brought
together from the literature by G. Endriss in his Inaugural
Dissertation, _Die bisherigen Beobachtungen von Physiologischen
und Pathologischen Beziehungen der oberen Luftwege zu den
Sexualorganen_, Teil. II, Wuerzburg, 1892.

The intimate association between the sexual centers and the olfactory
tract is well illustrated by the fact that this primitive and ancient
association tends to come to the surface in insanity. It is recognized by
many alienists that insanity of a sexual character is specially liable to
be associated with hallucinations of smell.

Many eminent alienists in various countries are very decidedly of
the opinion that there is a special tendency to the association
of olfactory hallucinations with sexual manifestations, and,
although one or two authorities have expressed doubt on the
matter, the available evidence clearly indicates such an
association. Hallucinations of smell are comparatively rare as
compared to hallucinations of sight and hearing; they are
commoner in women than in men and they not infrequently occur at
periods of sexual disturbance, at adolescence, in puerperal
fever, at the change of life, in women with ovarian troubles, and
in old people troubled with sexual desires or remorse for such
desires. They have often been noted as specially frequent in
cases of excessive masturbation.

Krafft-Ebing, who found olfactory hallucinations common in
various sexual states, considers that they are directly dependent
on sexual excitement (_Allgemeine Zeitschrift fuer Psychiatrie_,
bd. 34, ht. 4, 1877). Conolly Norman believes in a distinct and
frequent association between olfactory hallucinations and sexual
disturbance (_Journal of Mental Science_, July, 1899, p. 532).
Savage is also impressed by the close association between sexual
disturbance or changes in the reproductive organs and
hallucinations of smell as well as of touch. He has found that
persistent hallucinations of smell disappeared when a diseased
ovary was removed, although the patient remained insane. He
considers that such