piece, 40 days; one emplacement for a heavy breaching
gun, 100 days; one bomb-proof magazine, 250 days;
construction and repairs of each yard of approach having
splinter-proof parapet, 2 days; a lineal yard of narrow
splinter-proof shelter, 4 days; a lineal yard of wide
splinter-proof shelter, 8 days; to make and set one yard of
inclined palisading, 2 days.

"At least three-fourths of the manual labor was simply
shoveling sand; one-half of the remainder was carrying
engineer material. The balance was employed in various kinds
of work.

"About three-fourths of this work was executed in the
night-time, and at least nine-tenths of it under a fire of
artillery or sharpshooters, or both. The sharpshooters
seldom fired during the night. The artillery fire was most
severe during the day. Thirty-five projectiles fired by the
enemy at our works per hour was called "heavy firing,"
although sometimes more than double that number were thrown.

"In the order of their number the projectiles were from
smooth-bore guns, mortars, and rifled guns.

"The James Island batteries were from two thousand to four
thousand yards from our works; Fort Sumter and Battery Gregg
were respectively about three thousand five hundred and two
thousand one hundred; Fort Wagner was from thirteen hundred
to one hundred yards.

"The total number of casualties in the working parties and
the guard of the advanced trenches, (not including the main
guard of the trenches), during the siege, was about one
hundred and fifty. When it is considered that on an average
over two hundred men were constantly engaged in these
duties, being under fire for fifty days, the number of
casualties is astonishingly small.

"The camp at which the fatigue parties were quartered and
fed were, in order to be beyond the reach of the enemy's
fires, two miles from the centre of the works; hence the
distance of four miles had to be marched each tour of duty,
which required nearly two hours, and added greatly to the
labor of the siege.

"This siege has been conducted through the hottest part of
the season,--July, August and September,--yet the troops
have suffered but little from excess in heat, on account of
the large proportion of night work, and the almost continual
se