court-martial of violating this article shall be dismissed
from the service."

This was the initatory measure of the new policy, which progressed to
its fulfillment rapidly. And then what Mr. Cameron, Secretary of War,
had recommended in December, 1861, and to which the President objected,
very soon developed, through a series of enactments, in the arming of
the negro; in which the loyal people of the whole country acquiesced,
save the border states people, who fiercely opposed it as is shown in
the conduct of Mr. Wickliffe, of Kentucky; Salisbury, of Delaware, and
others in Congress.

[Illustration: DRIVING GOVT. CATTLE]

Public opinion was now changed, Congress had prohibited the surrender of
negroes to the rebels, the President issued his Emancipation
Proclamation, and more than 150,000 negroes were fighting for the Union.
The Republican party met in convention at Chicago, and nominated Mr.
Lincoln for the second term as President of the United States; the
course of his first administration was now to be approved or rejected by
the people. In the resolutions adopted, the fifth one of them related to
Emancipation and the negro soldiers. It was endorsed by a very large
majority of the voters. A writer in one of the magazines, prior to the
election, thus reviews the resolutions:

"The fifth resolution commits us to the approval of two
measures that have aroused the most various and strenuous
opposition, the Proclamation of Emancipation and the use of
negro troops. In reference to the first, it is to be
remembered that it is a war measure. The express language of
it is: 'By virtue of the power in me vested as
commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States
in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and
Government of the United States, and as a _fit and necessary
war measure for suppressing said rebellion_.' Considered
thus, the Proclamation is not merely defensible, but it is
more; it is a proper and efficient means of weakening the
rebellion which every person desiring its speedy overthrow
must zealously and perforce uphold. Whether it is of any
legal effect beyond the actual limits of our military lines,
is a question that need not agitate us. In due time the
supreme tribunal of the nation will be called to determine
that, and to its decision the country will yield with all
respect