ion with Buffalo. Both roads made use of the magnificent
International Bridge, built across the Niagara in 1873, under Grand
Trunk control.

The marked feature of this period, so far as Ontario was concerned, was
the rivalry of the cities along the lake and river front in building
new roads to tap the north country. From London there was built in
1875 the London, Huron and Bruce, halting at Wingham. From Hamilton,
or rather from Guelph, with connections to Hamilton, the Wellington,
Grey and Bruce reached Southampton on Lake Huron in 1873 and Kincardine
in 1874. Both roads were virtually branches of the Great Western, and
were expected to bring to London and to Hamilton respectively the trade
of the rich northwestern counties. The Ambitious City, as Hamilton
came to be {100} called at this period, a few years later invaded the
Northern Railway's territory by a line from Hamilton to Collingwood,
also extended southerly to Port Dover, but control of this road was
immediately acquired by the Northern interests. From still more
ambitious Toronto two narrow-gauge routes were built between 1869 and
1874--the Toronto, Grey and Bruce running northwest to Owen Sound and
Teeswater, and the Toronto and Nipissing northeast to Coboconk and
Sutton. Whitby also had its visions of terminal greatness, when the
Whitby and Port Perry was built in the later seventies. The Port Hope,
Beaverton and Lindsay, renamed the Midland, was pushed northeast to
Orillia in 1872 and to Midland in 1875. Cobourg's unfortunate northern
line was continued to the iron mines of Marmora. Belleville was linked
with Peterborough in 1878-79 by the Grand Junction. Kingston, with the
co-operation of interests in New York state, planned the Kingston and
Pembroke, which reached Mississippi in 1878, and five years later
compromised on Renfrew as a terminus. The bankruptcy of the Brockville
and Ottawa did not prevent its extension through an allied company, the
Canada Central, to Pembroke in 1869 and to {101} Ottawa, by a branch
from Carleton Place, in 1876.

In Quebec the chief developments were the building of a line connecting
Quebec, Montreal, and Ottawa along the north shore of the St Lawrence,
and of further connections between Montreal and Quebec and United
States roads. The North Shore route had been projected early in the
fifties, but, in spite of lavish cash and land bonuses, it was not
until the Quebec government took it up as a provincial road,