dard gauge: 27,095 km 1.435-m gauge (2,828 km electrified)
dual gauge: 213 km dual gauge (2003)
narrow gauge: 14,957 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified)

Highways:
total: 811,603 km
paved: 314,090 km (including 18,619 km of expressways)
unpaved: 497,513 km (1999 est.)

Waterways:
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling
river systems) (2004)

Pipelines:
condensate/gas 492 km; gas 28,680 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km;
oil 4,773 km; oil/gas/water 110 km (2004)

Ports and harbors:
Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport (Tasmania),
Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceston (Tasmania),
Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville

Merchant marine:
total: 52 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,531,461 GRT/1,999,409 DWT
foreign-owned: United Kingdom 2, United States 12
registered in other countries: 60 (2004 est.)
by type: bulk 20, cargo 5, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 2,
container 3, liquefied gas 4, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 7, roll
on/roll off 6

Airports:
444 (2003 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
total: 305
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 131
914 to 1,523 m: 139
under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 143
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 112
under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)

Military Australia

Military branches:
Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force,
new Special Operations Command (announced in December 2002)

Military manpower - military age and obligation:
16 years of age for voluntary service (2001)

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 5,061,810 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 4,356,671 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 140,182 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$14,120.1 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2.8% (2003)

Transnational Issues Australia

Disputes - international:
the 1999 maritime delimitation established partial maritime
boundaries with East Timor over part of the Timor Gap but temporary
resource-sharing agreements over an unreconciled area grant
Australia 90% share of exploited gas reserves and hamper creation of
a southern maritime boundary with Indonesia (see Ashmore and Cartier
Islands disputes); Australia assert