11
914 to 1,523 m: 71
1,524 to 2,437 m: 22

Heliports:
1 (2003 est.)

Military Kazakhstan

Military branches:
Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Naval Force, Republican
Guard

Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service
obligation - 2 years; minimum age for volunteers NA (2004 est.)

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 4,233,623 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 3,381,606 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 169,004 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$221.8 million (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
0.9% (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)

Transnational Issues Kazakhstan

Disputes - international:
Kazakhstan and China have resolved their border dispute and are
working to demarcate their borders to control population migration,
illegal activities, and trade; delimitation of boundary with Russia
is almost complete - delimitations with Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
are complete with demarcations underway - delimitation with
Kyrgyzstan is largely complete; creation of a seabed boundary with
Turkmenistan in the Caspian Sea is under discussion; equidistant
seabed treaties have been signed with Azerbaijan and Russia in the
Caspian Sea, but no resolution has been made on dividing the water
column among any of the littoral states

Illicit drugs:
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as
well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug
ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit
point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of
Europe

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@Kenya

Introduction Kenya

Background:
Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led
Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when President
Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession.
The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when
the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole
legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure