ited States, capture of Vera Cruz by, 387.
English expeditions against, in 1814 and 1815, 385, 386.
expedition to Port Royal, 390.

Use of spies neglected in many modern armies, 272.
of the three arms combined, 203.

V.

Vandals, 366.

Vandamme's disaster at Culm, lesson of, 221.

Venice, 379, 380.

Vera Cruz captured by the Spaniards, 390.
taken by the French, 386.
taken by the United States, 387.

Vessels, Roman, 363.
Scandinavian, 366.

Victories, French, of 1793, why indecisive, 333.

Victory, assailant's best means of, 202.
on what it depends, 309, 310.
when it may be expected, 360.

Villages, importance of, on front of a position, 303.

Villars's infantry, panic among, 64.

Vistula, passage of, by Paskevitch, 120.

W.

Wagram, 195, 206, 266, 317, 343, 350.
Macdonald's column at, 295, 296.
Napoleon's artillery at, 289, 316.
Napoleon's order of battle at, 198.
panic at, 64.

War an art, 321.
border of the theater of, 80, 81.
character of, from Middle Ages to French Revolution, 135.
circumstances which influence result of, 321.
council of, at seat of government, 59.
councils of, 58.
decisive points of the theater of, 85.
defensive-offensive, 74.
definition of the art of, 13.
fundamental principle of, 66, 70.
governments should not be unprepared for, 46.
how to be conducted, 15.
influence of cavalry in a, 313, 314.
influence of improvements in fire-arms on, 347, 355, 359.
manner of applying general principle of, 175.
materiel of, 49.
maxims of fundamental principles of, 70.
nature and extent of, how influenced, 14.
not an exact science, 344, 350.
objects of, 14.
of the Crimea, 387.
offensive and defensive, definition of, 72.
offensive, duty of staff officers in, 258.
operations of, how directed, 150.
principal parts of the art of, 66.
relation of statesmanship to, 14.
theater of, definition, 74.
use of theories in, 323.

Warsaw, intrenchments at, 211.

Wars, aggressive, for conquest, 22.
change of system of, 135.
civil, 35.
defensive politically, offensive militarily, 17.
double, 36.
for conquest, instances of, 22.
intestine, 35.
natural character of, in mountainous countries, 167.
national, definition of, 29.
national, difficulties of conquest in, 31-34.
national, effect of nature of the country on, 30.
national, how prevented, 33, 34.
national, invasion difficult i