sent to the Brooklyn Navy
Yard, but after a week's sojourn there he got into trouble on account
of not having his rifle cleaned. He feared that he would be reported
for this and his previous frauds might be discovered, and he decided
to desert. He returned to Rochester, worked for Frank Little and Roy
Fritz. Soon after he enlisted in the army, this time under the name of
James Hall, but was rejected on account of some nasal defect. This was
at Columbus Barracks. After being rejected in the army he enlisted in
the navy and was sent to Norfolk, Va. He was here likewise rejected on
account of this defect, and while awaiting his discharge papers it was
discovered that he had fraudulently enlisted. He was court-martialed
and given a year. This was on November 20, 1909. His career following
this has already been outlined.

If one takes into consideration the entire life history of this
individual he will have little cause for surprise at the resort to
malingering by this man when he found himself under an especially
stressful situation. That he malingered every frank psychotic symptom
which he manifested is beyond doubt a fact, even though he would not
have admitted so much himself. But one would commit a serious error if
on this account he would consider the man normal mentally. From
childhood on this man has manifested traits of character which are
absolutely psychopathic in nature. Among these may be especially
emphasized the confirmed truancy and running away from home, the
aimless, constantly-changing industrial career, the inability to pursue
any line of endeavor towards a definite goal, the early criminalistic
tendencies, the repeated commission of military offenses in spite of the
frequent punishments, and, lastly, his total inability to adjust himself
to the prison regime, resulting in serious mental upsets which
necessitated his admission to a hospital for the insane on three
different occasions. It is perfectly natural that he should resort to
malingering of mental disease in his last attempt at evading a stressful
situation. Malingering is frequently the only means of escape for such
as he, unable as they are to meet life's problems squarely in the face.

It is of no particular value to add more cases illustrative of the type
of mental make-up which leads to malingering, especially since there
exists a more or less complete unanimity of opinion on the subject among
present-day psychiatris