a good deep loam, and the old growths should be cut
out every winter. Plant at a distance of 4 feet apart. _R. canadensis
rosea_ (the flowering Raspberry) is invaluable for making large beds. It
continues to produce its highly-coloured flowers freely all through the
summer and autumn. Plant 3 feet apart and thin out the old growths
annually. _R. ulmifolius roseo flore-pleno_, also the white form _alba_
(the double-flowered Blackberry), may be grouped on slopes. The old
growths should be cut out annually, and plant 4 feet apart. _R.
laciniata_ (American Blackberry) is the best of the fruiting kinds for
this purpose; it produces large crops of valuable fruit every year.
Treat in the same way as advised for the above. _R. phoenicolasius_ (the
Japanese Wineberry). This somewhat new form of Rubus is one of the best
plants for this kind of planting. It bears freely, and the fruits are
much appreciated by many, and its bright canes during winter produce a
most pleasing effect. It is a strong grower when planted in good soil at
a distance of 5 feet apart. Remove all the old canes during winter. The
ordinary garden forms of Raspberry also make fine groups in the unkept
parts of the grounds. The old growths should be pruned out each autumn,
when the young canes have a warm and pleasing appearance.

SALIX.--Many of the Willows form splendid features during the winter
months. Perhaps on a fine winter's day large masses of the
highly-coloured barked Willows can hardly be excelled for their beauty
and rich colouring, but, of course, are only adapted for waterside
planting or low, wet, marshy land. Nothing is more readily propagated
from cuttings than these. They should be planted 3 feet apart, and the
young growths pruned hard to the ground annually the last week in March,
for it must be borne in mind that any wood more than twelve months old
has very little, if any, beauty in it. The most important for the beauty
of their wood are _Salix vitellina_, the golden-barked Willow, _S. alba
britzensis_, warm, orange-coloured bark, very beautiful, _S. cardinalis_
(which has bright-red bark), and _S. purpurea_, purple. Though the last
mentioned is not so effective in the distance as the foregoing, it is
well worthy of cultivation. Only one other Willow will be mentioned; it
should be planted for its summer beauty, that is _S. rosmarinifolia_.
Its beautiful grey foliage much resembles that of Rosemary. It is not so
robust a grower as many of