s. It is,
therefore, desirable before they are administered that the bowels should
be emptied by a dose of castor oil.

The only other caution which remains for me to give refers to the
peculiar effect which salicine, a very valuable medicine, especially in
the case of thread-worms, has upon the urine. It sometimes turns the
urine of a greenish-yellow, often of a red colour, as though it were
mixed with blood. The appearance, however, has no grave meaning, but is
due simply to a chemical action of the medicine on the colouring matter
and salts of the urine.

There still remain some local ailments of parts connected with the
process of digestion, concerning which a few words must be said.

=Ulcerated Mouth.=--First, with reference to the _sore-mouth_ of
children. I have already noticed a form of inflammation and ulceration
of the gums sometimes met with during teething, but the sore-mouth of
which I am now about to speak is often quite independent of that
process; though it may sometimes be found associated with it, and is
indeed rarely met with after five years of age. In almost all instances
it is preceded and attended with symptoms of indigestion, during the
course of which the mouth becomes inflamed, hot and red, and small very
painful shallow ulcers with sharp-cut edges, and a little yellowish
deposit on their surface, appear at the edge of the tongue, on the
inside of the mouth, and especially on the inside of the lower lip, and
the adjacent surface of the gum. Successive crops of these little
ulcerations not unfrequently appear, so that for many weeks the child
may be kept by them in a state of extreme discomfort; swallowing, and
even speaking being the occasions of considerable suffering.

It is seldom that nursery remedies, and the so-called cooling
medicines, though often of some service, suffice to get rid of the
ailment, which for the most part needs judicious medical treatment, and
local as well as constitutional measures. Now and then this condition
comes on in the course of measles, and is then sometimes of serious
importance.

In the other form, the disease is usually limited to the gums, and
affects especially those of the front of the lower jaw, which become
swollen, ulcerated at their edges, where a very ill-smelling deposit
takes place of a dirty white or greyish colour, the surface beneath
being spongy, swollen, raw, and bleeding. The ulceration sometimes
extends so as to lay bare a large part