al to support a second inoculation with a stronger matter; and
this second inoculation enabled them to bear, unharmed, subsequent
exposure to the disease. A grateful country has given a pension, and
conferred well-merited honours on the man who has preserved their flocks
from pestilence, but whom the silly sentimentality of the
anti-vivisectionists in England would have mulcted in a fine, and, if
possible, have sent to prison.

That weakening of the poisonous element which Pasteur strove to attain
by art, is already provided by nature in the cow-pox. The cow-pox is
nothing else than small-pox modified in character, diminished in
severity by passing through the system of the animal; but giving, when
introduced into the system, a safeguard against natural small-pox at
least as complete as that furnished by the inoculated disease.

More than 70,000 children have come under my observation, either in
hospital or in private practice; and I need not say that a physician
having much consulting practice sees far more than the average of
unusual and severe cases. Twice, and only twice, I have seen infants die
from vaccination, and in both instances death took place from erysipelas
beginning at the puncture. The one case I saw twice in consultation with
the family practitioner. The other which I watched throughout was that
of a little boy, the fifth child of a nobleman of high rank, both his
parents being perfectly healthy. He was vaccinated by the family doctor
in the country, direct from the arm of another perfectly healthy infant,
from whom ten other infants were vaccinated immediately afterwards. The
little boy was seized with convulsions within twenty-four hours, and
almost at the same time erysipelas appeared on the punctured arm. The
erysipelas extended rapidly, convulsions returned more than once, and on
the fourth day from the vaccination the child died. One of the other
children vaccinated at the same time died in the country in the same
manner; all the others passed through vaccination regularly, and without
a single bad symptom. I have no explanation to offer; this case stands
by itself just as do those of death from the sting of a bee or death
from cutting a corn.

That some people die of other diseases since the introduction of
vaccination, is undoubtedly true, for many of those who would have died
in early infancy of small-pox are cut off later by measles or
bronchitis, or die during teething; since it is obvious