ibbert Lectures_, 1878, p. 134 note),
gives weighty reasons for regarding 477 B.C. as the year of Buddha's
death.

12 "The Buddhists look upon the Bo-tree as most Christians have looked
upon the Cross."--Rhys Davids' _Buddhism_, p. 37 note.

13 It is, no doubt, owing largely to the influence of Buddhism that the
passion of _anger_ is almost unknown in Japan. In the same way, a
Japanese, though the heart were well-nigh breaking, would consider
it a most unworthy thing to let his grief betray itself.

14 Miss Isabella Bird (Mrs. Bishop), authoress of _Unbeaten Tracks in
Japan_, well describes the impression produced on the spectator by
the Daibutsus, or colossal images of Buddha, so common in Japan:--"He
is not sleeping, he is not waking, he is not acting, he is not
thinking, his consciousness is doubtful; he exists,--that is all; his
work is done, a hazy beatitude, a negation remain. This is the
Nirvana in which the devout Buddhist may aspire to participate."

The Daibutsu at Kamakura, of which an illustration is given
opposite, is one of the largest in Japan. It is fifty feet high,
and, as a work of art, is without a rival. The boss protruding from
the forehead is supposed to represent a jewel, and to symbolize
Illumination.

_ 15 History of the Jewish Church_, Vol. iii, Lecture xlv.

16 This is scarcely less true of Christianity; and it _must_ be true,
in some measure, of every religious system which attempts to
minister to the needs of beings, so differently constituted, and so
dissimilarly circumstanced, as are the members of the human race. As
we proceed in this chapter to refer to the various schools of
Buddhism and their characteristics, we can hardly fail to have
suggested to us, more than once, those different aspects of
Christianity, which have been the occasion of all our "schools of
thought," and, alas, of how many of our divisions!

17 Those who would investigate the subject further are referred to
Alabaster's _The Modern Buddhist_ (Truebner, 1870).

18 For it is men only who inhabit this Celestial Region: women, worthy
of attaining to it, have changed their sex.

_ 19 Jodo_ means the "Pure Land."

20 Avalokitesvara="The Lord who looks down from heaven." The female
form taking the place of the male is, no dou