.]

[Footnote 10: Growth and Education, J. M. Tyler, Houghton Mifflin
Co., New York, 1907, p. 21.]

[Footnote 11: Education, H. Spencer, New York, D. Appleton & Co.,
1861, p. 162.]

[Footnote 12: Supra, p. 63.]

[Footnote 13: Annual Report, U. S. Commissioner of Education,
1911; Washington Government Print., 1912, Vol. I, pp. 12-13.]

[Footnote 14: Conserving Childhood, Andrew S. Draper; The Child
Workers of the Nation, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference
on Child Labor, Chicago, Ill., Jan. 21-23, 1909; New York, 1909,
pp. 9-10.]

[Footnote 15: Report U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1911, Vol.
I, p. 12.]

CHAPTER I

THE NEW BASIS FOR EDUCATION[16]

I Can There Be a New Basis?

Can there be a new basis for education? Does the foundation upon which
education rests really change? Is the educational system of one age
necessarily unfitted to provide for the educational needs of the next?
These, and a multitude of the similar questions which people interested
in educational progress are asking themselves, arise out of the process
of transition that is seemingly one of the fundamental propositions of
the universe. All things change, and are changing, from the smallest
cell to the most highly organized creature, the noblest mountain range,
and the vastest sun in the heavens. To-day differs from yesterday as
to-morrow must differ from to-day. All things are becoming.

Test this statement with the observed facts of life. Here is a garden,
well-planted and watered. The soil is loamy and black. On all its
surface there is nothing, save a clod here and there, to relieve the
warm, moist regularity. Come to-morrow and the level surface is broken
by tiny green shoots which have appeared at intervals, thrusting through
the top crust. Next week the black earth is striped with rows of green.
Onions, beets, lettuce, and peas are coming up. Go back to the hills
which you climbed in boyhood, ascend their chasmed sides and note how
even they have changed. Each year some part of them has disappeared
into the rapid torrent. Had you been there in April, you might have seen
particles of your beloved hills in every water-course, hurrying toward
the lowlands and the sea. While you watch them, the clouds change in the
sky, the sunset wanes, and the forest covers the bared hills. Nature,
fickle mistress of our destinies, spreads a never-ending panorama before
our eyes that we may r