rers to America, 330

Francis (II.), of France,
marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169;
king, 174;
treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176;
death, 188

Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11

Frankfort,
English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119;
their "troubles," 127, 128

Franklin, Benjamin,
his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243;
sent as their agent to England, 326;
counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330;
relations with Chatham, viii. 20;
mission to France, 28

Frank-pledge, i. 238, 322

Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27

Frederick III., Emperor, iii. 146, 147

Frederick, Elector Palatine,
marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210;
king of Bohemia, 217;
driven out, 220, 226

Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220;
alliance with France, 221;
victory at Chotusitz, 223;
Silesia ceded to, _ib._;
seizes Prague, 225;
driven from Bohemia, _ib._;
victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227;
treaty with England, 247, 248;
seizes Dresden, 248;
victory at Prague, _ib._;
defeated at Kolin, _ib._;
victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263;
defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, _ib._;
at Plauen, 264;
campaign of 1760, 302;
share in partition of Poland, viii. 85;
death, _ib._

Frederick, Prince of Wales, vii. 218

Free Companies, the, ii. 281, 282

Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333

Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12;
sinks into the villein, 133, 321

Freteval,
Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240;
Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263

Friars, the, ii. 10-14;
Lord Bacon's comment on, 21;
their political influence, 22, 23;
character and effect of their preaching, 24;
attempt conversion of Jews, 127;
oppose Wyclif, 335

Friedland, battle of, viii. 175

Frisians in AElfred's fleet, i. 116

"Frith" of Wedmore, i. 107

Frobisher, Martin, iv. 331, 361

Froissart, Jean, ii. 178

Fuentes d'Onore, battle of, viii. 191

Fyrd, the, i. 116, 161, 257; ii. 103, 122, 240

Gage, General, viii. 19

Gaimar, Geoffrey, i. 174, 247

Gainsborough, Swein dies at, i. 143

Gall, St., i. 68

Gardiner, Stephen, iii. 272, 279;
Bishop of Winchester, 298;
expelled from the Council, 348;
supersedes Norfolk in the king's counsels, iv. 24;
exclu