f
common salt in a quart of water) is allowed to flow over the burn
until all discharge is washed off. Then the raw surface is dusted over
with pure boric acid or aristol, and the boric-acid ointment applied
as before. The cloth upon which the ointment is spread should be made
free from germs by boiling in water, and then drying it in an oven and
keeping it well wrapped in a clean towel except when wanted.

The same care is requisite as that described under wounds (p. 50) in
regard to cleanliness.

Very extensive burns are most satisfactorily treated by complete
immersion of the burned limbs or entire body in salt solution (same
strength as above), which is kept at a temperature of from 94 deg. to
104 deg. F., according to the feelings of the patient. The patient lies in
a bath tub on horsehair, or better, rubber mattress and rubber
pillows; completely covered with water except the head. The urine and
bowel discharges must be passed in the water, which is then changed,
and the temperature is kept at an even mark by allowing warm water to
continually run into the tub to displace that which runs out. The
latter can be arranged by siphonage with a rubber tube. While this
method requires more care, and running hot and cold water, it is the
most comfortable treatment for these cases, usually attended by awful
suffering, and at the same time it is most favorable to healing.

It is beyond the scope of this work to describe the various
complications and the details of the after treatment in severe burns,
including skin grafting, which may tax all the ingenuity of the
skilled surgeon. It is hoped that the foregoing may give a clear idea
of the treatment to be pursued in emergencies and may prove of some
use to those who may unfortunately be compelled to care for burns
during a considerable time without the aid of a physician.

=BURN BY STRONG ACID.=

_First Aid Rule 1.--Neutralize the acid. Scatter baking soda thickly
over burn, or pour limewater over it._

_Rule 2.--Control pain. Wash off soda with stream of water. Apply
Carron oil (equal parts of limewater and linseed oil or olive oil).
Bandage lightly._

=BURN BY STRONG ALKALI.=--As ammonia, quicklime, lye.

_First Aid Rule 1.--Neutralize the alkali. Pour vinegar over the
burn._

_Rule 2.--Control pain. Wash off vinegar with stream of water. Dry
gently. Apply vaseline or cold cream._

=BURNS CAUSED BY STRONG MINERAL ACIDS OR BY ALKALIES.=--If acids are
the