f the movements in binary form are
of the intermediate type, _i.e._ they have the principal theme in the
dominant at the beginning of the exposition section, and again, later
on, in the principal key. There is considerable variety in the order
and number of movements. No. 1, for instance, has an Adagio, an
Allegro, and a Menuett with variations. No. 2, in D, has four
movements: Andante, Adagio, Allegro, Giga; the short Adagio is in D
minor. No. 3, in G minor: Presto and A Tempo Giusto (a dignified
fugue). The influence of Handel is strong, also that of Scarlatti.
Bars such as the following--

[Music illustration]

foreshadow, in a curious manner, the _Alberti_ bass.

A great number of clavier sonatas were written about the time during
which Emanuel Bach flourished: his first sonatas appeared in 1742, his
last in 1787. An interesting collection of no less than seventy-two
sonatas (sixty-seven by various composers; five anonymous), issued in
twelve parts, under the title _Oeuvres melees_ (twelve books, each
containing six sonatas), was published by Haffner at Wuerzburg,
somewhere between 1760 and 1767. And another collection of symphonies
and sonatas, principally by Saxon composers, was published at Leipzig
in 1762 under the title _Musikalisches Magazin_. We will give the
names of some of the chief composers, with titles of their works,
adding a few other details. It is difficult in some cases to ascertain
the year of publication; and it is practically impossible to say when
the sonatas were actually composed:--

BACH, Wilh. Friedemann. Sei sonate, No. 1,[19] D
major (Dresden, 1745). Sonata in C (published in Litolff's
_Maitres du Clavecin_), and others in D and G (autographs),
and in F, A, and B flat (manuscripts).

BACH, Joh. Ernst. Two sonatas (in _Oeuvres
melees_).

NICHELMANN, Christoph. Sei brevi sonate, etc., Op.
2; Nuremberg (between 1745-1756).

HASSE. Two sonatas in E flat and B flat
(manuscript; on one is the date of 1754). Two sonatas, one
in D minor (only one Lento movement); the other in D major
(only one Allegro movement in old binary form). These are
both in the Leipzig collection named above.

BENDA, Georg. Sei sonate (Berlin, 1757). Sonatas in
G, C minor, and G, also seven sonatinas (Vermischte
Clavierstuecke, Gotha, 1780).

WAGENSEIL, Georg. Sonata (_Oeuvres melees_). Six
sonatas for the harpsichord (