ch, and promised a man to guide me to
Chikumbi, and then refused. Casembe rose in the esteem of all as
Moenempanda sank, and his people were made to understand how shabbily
he had behaved.

The Lulaputa is said to flow into the Luena, and that into the Luongo:
there must be two Luenas.

_22nd June, 1868._--March across a grassy plain southerly to the
Luongo, a deep river embowered in a dense forest of trees, all covered
with lichens--some flat, others long and thready, like old men's
beards, and waving in the wind, just as they do on the mangrove-swamp
trees on the coast. The Luongo here is fifty yards broad and three
fathoms deep; near its junction with the Luapula it is 100 yards; it
rises here to eight fathoms' depth. A bridge of forty yards led us
over to an island, and a branch of the river was ten yards beyond: the
bridge had been broken, some thought on purpose, but it was soon
mended with trees eighteen to twenty yards long. We went a little way
beyond, and then halted for a day at a rivulet flowing into the
Luongo, 200 yards off.

_23rd June, 1868._--We waited for copper here, which was at first
refused as payment of debt. I saw now that the Luongo had steep clay
banks fifteen feet down, and many meadows, which must be swimming
during the rains. The Luena is said to rise east of this.

[In a private letter Livingstone shows that he had seldom been more
affected by the sufferings of slaves than at this time, and it would
perhaps be difficult to imagine any scene more calculated to excite
misery and distress of mind.

The following incident deals with the firm belief in a future state,
which enters so largely into the minds of all Africans, and which for
very lack of guidance assumes all the distorted growths of
superstition.

He must be of a thankless spirit who does not long to substitute the
great vision of future peace afforded by Christianity, in lieu of the
ghastly satisfaction which cheered these men, when he sees by the
light of this story the capacity that exists for realising a life
beyond the grave.]

_24th June, 1868._--Six men slaves were singing as if they did not
feel the weight and degradation of the slave-sticks. I asked the cause
of their mirth, and was told that they rejoiced at the idea "of coming
back after death and haunting and killing those who had sold them."
Some of the words I had to inquire about; for instance, the meaning of
the words "to haunt and kill by spirit power;" the