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avarians.--Gustavus Adolphus defends Nuremberg.--Attacks Wallenstein's Intrenchments.--Enters Saxony.--Goes to the succour of the Elector of Saxony.--Marches against Wallenstein.--Battle of Lutzen.--Death of Gustavus Adolphus.--Situation of Germany after the Battle of Lutzen. Book IV. Closer Alliance between France and Sweden.--Oxenstiern takes the Direction of Affairs.--Death of the Elector Palatine.--Revolt of the Swedish Officers.--Duke Bernhard takes Ratisbon.--Wallenstein enters Silesia.--Forms Treasonable Designs.--Forsaken by the Army.--Retires to Egra.--His associates put to death.--Wallenstein's death.--His Character. Book V. Battle of Nordlingen.--France enters into an Alliance against Austria.-- Treaty of Prague.--Saxony joins the Emperor.--Battle of Wistock gained by the Swedes.--Battle of Rheinfeld gained by Bernhard, Duke of Weimar. --He takes Brisach.--His death.--Death of Ferdinand II.--Ferdinand III. succeeds him.--Celebrated Retreat of Banner in Pomerania.--His Successes.--Death.--Torstensohn takes the Command.--Death of Richelieu and Louis XIII.--Swedish Victory at Jankowitz.--French defeated at Freyburg.--Battle of Nordlingen gained by Turenne and Conde.--Wrangel takes the Command of the Swedish Army.--Melander made Commander of the Emperor's Army.--The Elector of Bavaria breaks the Armistice.--He adopts the same Policy towards the Emperor as France towards the Swedes.--The Weimerian Cavalry go over to the Swedes.--Conquest of New Prague by Koenigsmark, and Termination of the Thirty Years' War. HISTORY OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR IN GERMANY. BOOK I. From the beginning of the religious wars in Germany, to the peace of Munster, scarcely any thing great or remarkable occurred in the political world of Europe in which the Reformation had not an important share. All the events of this period, if they did not originate in, soon became mixed up with, the question of religion, and no state was either too great or too little to feel directly or indirectly more or less of its influence. Against the reformed doctrine and its adherents, the House of Austria directed, almost exclusively, the whole of its immense political power. In France, the Reformation had enkindled a civil war which, under four stormy reigns, shook the kingdom to its foundations, brought foreign armies into the heart of the country, a
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