arching study of the subject, "The Confederate States of
America," by J. C. Schwab (1901), though admirable in its way, is wholly
overshadowed by the point of view of the economist. The same is to be
said of the article by Professor Schwab in the 11th edition of "The
Encyclopaedia Britannica."

Two famous discussions of the episode by participants are: "The Rise and
Fall of the Confederate Government," by the President of the Confederacy
(2 vols., 1881), and "A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the
States," by Alexander H. Stephens (2 vols., 1870). Both works, though
invaluable to the student, are tinged with controversy, each of the
eminent authors aiming to refute the arguments of political antagonists.

The military history of the time has so overshadowed the civil, in the
minds of most students, that we are still sadly in need of careful,
disinterested studies of the great figures of Confederate civil affairs.
"Jefferson Davis," by William E. Dodd ("American Crisis Biographies,"
1907), is the standard life of the President, superseding older ones.
Not so satisfactory in the same series is "Judah P. Benjamin," by Pierce
Butler (1907), and "Alexander H. Stephens," by Louis Pendleton (1907).
Older works which are valuable for the material they contain are:
"Memoir of Jefferson Davis," by his Wife (1890); "The Life and Times of
Alexander H. Stephens," by R. M. Johnston and W. M. Browne (1878); "The
Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey," by J. W. Du Bose (1891);
"The Life, Times, and Speeches of Joseph E. Brown," by Herbert Fielder
(1883); "Public Life and Diplomatic Correspondence of James M. Mason,"
by his Daughter (1903); "The Life and Time of C. G. Memminger," by H. D.
Capers (1893). The writings of E. A. Pollard cannot be disregarded, but
must be taken as the violent expression of an extreme partisan. They
include a "Life of Jefferson Davis" (1869) and "The Lost Cause" (1867).
A charming series of essays is "Confederate Portraits," by Gamaliel
Bradford (1914). Among books on special topics that are to be
recommended are: "The Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy"
by J. M. Callahan (1901); "France and the Confederate Navy," by John
Bigelow (1888); and "The Secret Service of the Confederate States in
Europe," by J. D. Bulloch (2 vols., 1884). There is a large number
of contemporary accounts of life in the Confederacy. Historians have
generally given excessive attention to "A Rebel War Clerk's D