from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in
winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's
crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters
of the treaty region; summer (January) population - 3,687 total;
Argentina 302, Australia 201, Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Bulgaria 16,
Chile 352, China 70, Finland 11, France 100, Germany 51, India 60,
Italy 106, Japan 136, South Korea 14, Netherlands 10, NZ 60, Norway
40, Peru 28, Poland 70, Russia 254, South Africa 80, Spain 43,
Sweden 20, UK 192, US 1,378 (1998-99); winter (July) population -
964 total; Argentina 165, Australia 75, Brazil 12, Chile 129, China
33, France 33, Germany 9, India 25, Japan 40, South Korea 14, NZ 10,
Poland 20, Russia 102, South Africa 10, UK 39, US 248 (1998-99);
research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south
of 60 degrees south) by members of the Council of Managers of
National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP): year-round stations - 38
total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, France
1, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Poland 1,
Russia 6, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1, Italy
and France jointly 1 (2005); summer-only stations - 34 total;
Argentina 8, Australia 2, Bulgaria 1, Chile 5, Ecuador 1, Finland 1,
Germany 2, Italy 1, Japan 3, Norway 2, Peru 1, Russia 2, South
Africa 1, Spain 2, Sweden 1, UK 1 (2004-2005); in addition, during
the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations
such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile
traverses in support of research

Antigua and Barbuda
68,722 (July 2005 est.)

Argentina
39,537,943 (July 2005 est.)

Armenia
2,982,904 (July 2005 est.)

Aruba
71,566 (July 2005 est.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
no indigenous inhabitants
note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and
fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2005 est.)

Australia
20,090,437 (July 2005 est.)

Austria
8,184,691 (July 2005 est.)

Azerbaijan
7,911,974 (July 2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
301,790
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower
population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherw