manat (TMM)

Currency code:
TMM

Exchange rates:
Turkmen manats per US dollar - 10,100 (2004), 10,034 (2003), 10,098
(2002), 5,200 (2001)
note: in recent years the unofficial rate has hovered around 21,000
manats to the dollar

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Communications Turkmenistan

Telephones - main lines in use:
374,000 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
52,000 (2004)

Telephone system:
general assessment: poorly developed
domestic: NA
international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave
radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased
connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new
telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new
exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey
via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat

Radio broadcast stations:
AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios:
1.225 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
4 (government owned and programmed) (2004)

Televisions:
820,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
.tm

Internet hosts:
524 (2004)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
1

Internet users:
8,000 (2002)

Transportation Turkmenistan

Railways:
total: 2,440 km
broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2004)

Highways:
total: 24,000 km
paved: 19,488 km
unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)

Waterways:
1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland waterways)
(2003)

Pipelines:
gas 6,549 km; oil 1,395 km (2004)

Ports and harbors:
Turkmenbasy

Merchant marine:
total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,873 GRT/8,345 DWT
by type: cargo 3, combination ore/oil 1, petroleum tanker 2,
refrigerated cargo 1 (2005)

Airports:
53 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
total: 23
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 30
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)

Heliports:
1 (2004 est.)

Military Turkmenistan

Military branches:
Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces (2004)

Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service
obligation - 2 years (2004)

Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 1,132,833 (2005 est.)

Manpower