19

2. Skeleton of Seal 52

3. Skeleton of Greenland Whale 53

4. Paddle of Whale compared with Hand of Man 54

5. Wing of Reptile, Mammal, and Bird 56

6. Skeleton of _Dinornis gravis_ 61

7. Hermit crabs compared with the cocoa-nut crab 64

8. Rudimentary or vestigial hind-limbs of Python 67

9. _Apteryx Australis_ 69

10. Illustrations of the nictitating membrane in various animals
named 75

11. Rudimentary, or vestigial and useless, muscles of the human
ear 76

12. Portrait of a young male gorilla 78

13. Portrait of a young male child 79

14. An infant, three weeks old, supporting its own weight 81

15. Sacrum of Gorilla compared with that of Man, showing the
rudimentary tail-bones of each 82

16. Diagrammatic outline of the human embryo when about seven
weeks old 83

17. Front and back view of adult human sacrum 84

18. _Appendix vermiformis_ in Orang and in Man 85

19. The same, showing variation in the Orang 85

20. Human ear 86

21. Foetus of an Orang 87

22. Vestigial characters of human ears 88

23. Hair-tracts on the arms and hands of Man, as compared with
those on the arms and hands of Chimpanzee 90

24. Molar teeth of lower jaw in Gorilla, Orang, and Man 93

25. Perforation of the humerus (supra-condyloid foramen) in three
species of Quadrumana where it normally occurs, and in Man,
where it does not normally occur 95

26. Antlers of stag, showing successive addition of branches in
successive years 100

27. Fission of a Protozoo