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n analysis has been swallowed in the shape of grains of sand and particles of soil mechanically mixed with the food, although part is also derived from the straw and grains, which contain that substance in great abundance. The difference in the quantity of nitrogen they contain is also very marked, and is distinctly shown by the following analyses by Boussingault, which give the quantity of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and ash in the dung and urine of the horse and the cow in their natural state, and after drying at 212 deg.. +---------+--------------------------+--------------------------+ | | HORSE. | COW. | | +-------------+------------+-------------+------------+ | | Natural. | Dry. | Natural. | Dry. | | +-------------+------------+-------------+------------+ | |Urine.| Dung.|Urine.|Dung.|Urine.| Dung.|Urine.|Dung.| | +------+------+------+-----+------+------+------+-----+ |Carbon | 4.46| 9.56| 36.0| 38.7| 3.18| 4.02| 27.2| 42.8| |Hydrogen | 0.47| 1.26| 3.8| 5.1| 0.30| 0.49| 2.6| 5.2| |Nitrogen | 1.55| 0.54| 12.5| 2.2| 0.44| 0.22| 3.8| 2.3| |Oxygen | 1.40| 9.31| 11.3| 37.7| 3.09| 3.54| 26.4| 37.7| |Ash | 4.51| 4.02| 36.4| 16.3| 4.68| 1.13| 40.0| 12.0| |Water | 87.61| 75.31| 0.0| 0.0| 88.31| 90.60| 0.0| 0.0| | +------+------+------+-----+------+------+------+-----+ | |100.00|100.00| 100.0|100.0|100.00|100.00| 100.0|100.0| +---------+------+------+------+-----+------+------+------+-----+ Hence, weight for weight, the urine of the horse, in its natural state, contains three times as much nitrogen as its dung; that of the cow twice as much; and the difference, especially in the horse, is still more conspicuous when they are dry. It is obvious that the quality of farm-yard manure must depend--1. On the kind of animal from which it is produced; 2. On the quantity of straw which has been used as litter; 3. On the nature of the food with which the animals have been supplied; 4. On the extent to which its valuable constituents have been rendered available by the treatment to which it has been subjected; and 5. On the care which has been taken to prevent the escape of the urine, or of the ammonia produced by its decomposition. The composition of farm-yard manure has engaged the attention of several chemists; but there are still many point
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