e from tan-works contains much lime. Due allowance
must therefore be made for such impurities which are sometimes present
in very large quantity.

Refuse horse hair generally contains 11 or 12 per cent of nitrogen.
Woollen rags of good quality contain 12.7 per cent of nitrogen; woollen
cuttings about 14; and what is called shoddy only 5.5 per cent. Horn
shavings are extremely variable in their amount of nitrogen; when pure,
they sometimes contain as much as 12.5 per cent, but a great deal of the
horn shavings from comb manufactories, etc., contain much sand and bone
dust, by which their percentage of nitrogen is greatly diminished, and
it sometimes does not exceed 5 or 6 per cent.

All these substances are highly valuable as manures, but it must be
borne in mind that they undergo decomposition very slowly in the soil,
and hence are chiefly applicable to slow growing crops, and to those
which require a strong soil. Woollen rags have been largely employed as
a manure for hops, and are believed to surpass every other substance for
that crop. As a manure applicable to the ordinary purposes of the farm
they have scarcely met with that attention which they deserve, probably
because their first action is slow and the farmer is more accustomed to
look to immediate than to future results; but they possess the important
qualification of adding permanently to the fertility of the soil.

_Blood_ is a most valuable manure, but it is not much employed in this
country, at least in the neighbourhood of large towns, as there is a
demand for it for other purposes, and it can rarely be obtained by the
farmer in large quantity, and at a sufficiently low price. In its
natural state it contains about 3 per cent of nitrogen, and after being
dried up, the residue contains about 15 per cent. It is best used in the
form of a compost with peat or mould, and this forms an excellent manure
for turnips, and is also advantageously applied as a top-dressing to
wheat.

_Flesh._--The flesh of all animals is useful as a manure, and is
especially distinguished by the rapidity with which it undergoes
decomposition, and yields up its valuable matters to the plant. It is
rarely employed in its natural state, but horse flesh was at one time
converted into a dry and portable manure, although, I understand, this
manufacture is not now prosecuted. The dead animal after being skinned
is cut up and boiled in large cauldrons until the flesh is separated
from th