nd the Liberal
Party_.

=Intendant.= An office created originally by Richelieu, in France, and
transferred to New France. The first intendant of Canada was Robert,
appointed in 1663, who was succeeded two years later by the ablest
occupant of the office, Jean Talon. The intendant was charged with the
supervision of practically all the civil affairs of the colony,
including the administration of justice, but his most important
function, from the point of view of the court, was to act as a virtual
spy upon the acts of the governor. Inevitably, harmony was impossible
between these two officials, and the history of New France is punctuated
with their perpetual quarrels. =Index=: =F= Jean Talon appointed as, 51;
office revived, 105; Jacques Duchesneau appointed, 108; Jacques de
Meulles, 171; Jean Bochart de Champigny, 207. _See also_ under names of
individual intendants. =Bib.=: Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle France_
(R. S. C., 1903); Parkman, _Old Regime_; Munro, _The Office of Intendant
in New France_ in _The American Historical Review_, October, 1906.

=Intendant's Palace.= =Bk= In Quebec, completely destroyed in siege of
1775, 90.

=Intemperance.= =S= A prevailing vice in Upper Canada, 71, 72. _See_
Liquor question; Brandy question.

=Intercolonial Railway.= Surveys proposed by the government of Canada in
1863. Three engineers were to be appointed, one by the Imperial
government, one by Canada, and one by the Maritime Provinces. They all
nominated the same man, Sandford Fleming, by whom the surveys were
accordingly carried out. The railway was made a condition of the union
of the Maritime Provinces with Canada, and the work of construction was
pushed forward, the line being formally opened July 1, 1876. In 1871 the
Prince Edward Island Railway was begun, and in 1873 it became a portion
of the Intercolonial system. Other extensions and branches were built or
acquired, the line finally running from Sydney and Halifax to Montreal.
=Index=: =Md= Negotiations for, begun, 45, 117; arranged for, by British
North America Act, 151; difficulty in selecting route, 152,153; northern
route finally adopted, 153. =E= Project to combine with Grand Trunk,
100; history of negotiations after failure of larger scheme, 100-101.
=H= Recommended in Durham's Report, 118; company formed in London,
118-119; "Robinson Line" surveyed, 119; Joseph Howe's connection with
(_see_ under Howe); new route proposed, 141-143; Imperial guarantee
refuse