befriended, as they say, but sinking
every year, Europe restless and disturbed; in Africa the memory of
enormous bloodshed in Zululand, and the invasion of a free people in the
Transvaal; Afghanistan broken; India thrown back. He disclaimed all
fellowship with those who believe that the present state of society
permits us to make any vow of universal peace, and of renouncing in all
cases the policy of war. He enumerated the six principles that he thought
to be the right principles for us: to foster the strength of the empire by
just laws and by economy; to seek to preserve the world's peace; to strive
to the uttermost to cultivate and maintain the principle of concert in
Europe; to avoid needless and entangling engagements; to see that our
foreign policy shall be inspired by such love of freedom as had marked
Canning, Palmerston, Russell; to acknowledge the equal right of all
nations. He denounced "the policy of denying to others the rights that we
claim ourselves" as untrue, arrogant, and dangerous. The revival of the
analogy of imperial Rome for the guidance of British policy he held up as
fundamentally unsound and practically ruinous. For have not modern times
established a sisterhood of nations, equal, independent, each of them
built up under the legitimate defence which public law affords to every
nation living within its own borders, and seeking to perform its own
affairs? He insisted that we should ever "remember the rights of the
savage, as we call him." "Remember," he exclaimed, "that the sanctity of
life in the hill villages of Afghanistan, among the winter snows, is as
inviolable in the eye of Almighty God as can be your own. Remember that He
who has united you as human beings in the same flesh and blood, has bound
you by the law of mutual love; that that mutual love is not limited by the
shores of this island, is not limited by the boundaries of Christian
civilisation; that it passes over the whole surface of the earth, and
embraces the meanest along with the greatest in its unmeasured scope."

It was this free movement and pure air that gave to the campaign its
marking character. The campaign had a soul in it. Men were recalled to
moral forces that they had forgotten. In his last speech at Edinburgh, Mr.
Gladstone's closing words were these:--

I am sustained and encouraged, and I may almost say driven on in
public life, by the sentiment believed and entertained by me most
sincerely, whether