the
servant of the social will." The truth of this is shown in the
modern public school system; in the humane and educative care of
dependent, defective and wayward children; in the increasingly
discriminating and wise treatment of the insane, the pauper, the
tramp and the poverty-bound; in the provisions for public parks,
baths and amusement places; in the bureaus of investigation and
control and the appointment of officers of inspection to secure
better sanitary and moral conditions; in the board of arbitration
for the settlement of political and labor difficulties; and in
the almost innumerable committees and bills, national, State and
local, to secure higher social welfare for all classes,
especially for the weaker and more ignorant. Government can never
again shrink and harden into a mere mechanism of military and
penal control.

It is, moreover, increasingly apparent that for these wider and
more delicate functions a higher order of electorate, ethically
as well as intellectually advanced, is necessary. Democracy can
succeed only by securing for its public service, through the rule
of the majority, the best leadership and administration the State
affords. Only a wise electorate will know how to select such
leadership, and only a highly moral one will authoritatively
choose such....

When the State took the place of family bonds and tribal
relationships, and the social consciousness was born and began
its long travel toward the doctrine of "equality of human rights"
in government and the principle of human brotherhood in social
organization, man, as the family and tribal organizer and ruler,
of course took command of the march. It was inevitable, natural
and beneficent so long as the State concerned itself with only
the most external and mechanical of social interests. The
instant, however, the State took upon itself any form of
educative, charitable or personally helpful work, it entered the
area of distinctive feminine training and power, and therefore
became in need of the service of woman. Wherever the State
touches the personal life of the infant, the child, the youth, or
the aged, helpless, defective in mind, body or moral nature,
there the State enters "woman's peculiar sphere," her sphere of
motherly succor and train