August 27 a total of two hundred and eighty-five
mouse traps set in the upland forest took on the first nights one
short-tailed shrew and thirty northern white-footed mice. In addition
to these species pine voles and a jumping mouse were trapped on days
after the first. One shrew was caught alive August 30, as he was
running about on the forest floor at 7:30 A.M. A few tracks of raccoon
were seen from time to time on the road leading through the woods. A
few fresh burrows of woodchucks were noted at the edges of benches and
of ravines. A few red squirrels were seen at different times and two
collected. Fox squirrels were rare, being noted only a few times; Mr.
Norman A. Wood also saw these squirrels on two occasions in May. One
cottontail was shot, in the climax forest. Mr. Wood collected a
chipmunk in the climax forest on May 15, 1918, and saw another in the
same habitat in May, 1919.

_Aerial habitat_:

Bats were seen on a few evenings, flying about over the climax forest,
and over the adjacent region, but they were extremely rare, and
efforts to shoot a specimen failed.

MODIFIED AND ARTIFICIAL HABITATS

_Second-growth forest and scrub habitat_:

_Mustela noveboracensis noveboracensis._ New York weasel. 1.

_Mephitis nigra._ Eastern skunk. 1.

_Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis._ Northern white-footed
mouse. 5.

_Microtus pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus._ Pennsylvania vole. 4.

_Mus musculus musculus._ House mouse. 1.

_Marmota monax monax._ Southern woodchuck. 1.

_Sciurus hudsonicus loquax._ Southern red squirrel. 1.

_Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsii._ Mearns cottontail. 5.

Small trees and brush have grown up along the edges of many of the
ravines in the cleared fields in and surrounding the preserve. Many of
the trees are oaks, but beech and hard maple also occur, a few of them
being relics from the original forest. Considerable brush is present,
formed by a large variety of species. A few other small patches,
especially in ravine bottoms and on flood-plains have been allowed to
grow up to brush and small trees. In nearly every case these areas are
heavily pastured.

The conditions here included in the second-growth forest and scrub
habitat are not homogeneous, but differ in each different location
where the habitat is found, tree and shrub species abundant in one
situation not being present in another. The habitat is usually narrow
in extent