to breed on Hall's Island.

This beautiful species is, in summer, entirely white except for the tips
of the primaries and a black spot on end of central tail feathers, thus
being very distinct from the preceding, which has the back and the wings
to a greater extent black, at this season. Their eggs probably very
closely resemble those of the last species.

536. LAPLAND LONGSPUR. _Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus._

Range.--Breeds in northern North America; winters south casually to New
York, Ohio and Oregon and occasionally farther.

These sparrow-like birds are 6.5 inches long and have a black crown,
cheeks and throat, and chestnut band on nape. Like the Snowflakes they
nest on the ground in moss, but the four to six eggs that they lay are
grayish, heavily mottled and blotched with chocolate brown; size .80 x
.60.

536a. ALASKA LONGSPUR. _Calcarius lapponicus alascensis._

Range.--Northwest North America, breeding in Alaska; winter south to
Oregon. This sub-species is like the last but slightly paler. Eggs
indistinguishable.

[Illustration 335: Grayish.]
[Illustration: Norman W. Swayns. NEST AND EGGS OF GOLDFINCH.]
[Illustration: right hand margin.]

Page 334

537. SMITH'S LONGSPUR. _Calcarius pictus._

Range.--Breeds in Hudson Bay and Mackenzie River districts and winters
south to Texas chiefly on the Plains.

This species is of the size of the last but is a rich buff color below,
and the other markings are very different. These birds together with the
next species are very common on the prairies in central United States in
winter. They nest on the ground like the preceding species but the nests
are scantily made of grasses and not warmly lined like those of the
last. The eggs are similar but paler; size .80 x .60. Data.--Herschell
Island, Arctic Ocean, June 10, 1901. Nest built in a tuft of grass; made
of fine roots and grass, lined with feathers.

538. CHESTNUT-COLLARED LONGSPUR. _Calcarius ornatus._

Range.--Plains in the interior of North America, breeding from Kansas
north to Saskatchewan; very abundant in the Dakotas and Montana.

This handsome species in the breeding plumage has the throat white,
breast and belly black, and a chestnut collar on the nape. They are one
of the most abundant breeding birds on the prairies, nesting in hollows
on the ground either in the open or protected by a tuft of grass. The
nests are made of grasses and sometimes moss; three or four eggs laid in
June or Ju