conomy of Machine-production compensated by
the growing Work of Distribution.
3. The Lowest Class of Workers gains least from
Machine-production.

CHAPTER XII.

WOMEN IN MODERN INDUSTRY 290

1. Growing Employment of Women in Manufacture.
2. Machinery favours Employment of Women.
3. Wages of Women lower than of Men.
4. Causes of Lower Wages for Women.
5. Smaller Productivity or Efficiency of Women's Labour.
6. Factors enlarging the scope of Women's Wage-work.
7. "Minimum Wage" lower for Women--Her Labour often
subsidised from other sources.
8. Woman's Contribution to the Family Wages--Effect of
Woman's Work upon Man's Wages.
9. Tendency of Woman's Wage to low uniform level.
10. Custom and Competition as determinants of Low Wages.
11. Lack of Organisation among Women--Effect on Wages.
12. Over-supply of Labour in Women's Employments the
root-evil.
13. Low Wages the chief cause of alleged Low "Value" of
Woman's Work.
14. Industrial Position of Woman analogous to that of
Low-skilled Men.
15. Damage to Home-life arising from Women's Wage-work.

CHAPTER XIII.

MACHINERY AND THE MODERN TOWN 324

1. The Modern Industrial Town as a Machine-product.
2. Growth of Town as compared with Rural Population in the
Old and New Worlds.
3. Limits imposed upon the Townward Movement by the Economic
Conditions of World-industry.
4. Effect of increasing Town-life upon Mortality.
5. The impaired quality of Physical Life in Towns.
6. The Intellectual Education of Town-life.
7. The Moral Education of Town-life.
8. Economic Forces making for Decentralisation.
9. Desirability of Public Control of Transport Services to
effect Decentralisation.
10. Long Hours and Insecurity of Work as Obstacles to
Reforms.
11. The Principle of Internal Reform of Town-life.

CHAPTER XIV.

CIVILISATION AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 350

1. Imperfect Adjustment of Industrial Structure to its
Environment.
2. Reform upon the Basis of Private Enterprise and Free
Trade.
3. Freedom and Transparency of Industry powerless to cure the
deeper Industrial Maladies.
4. Beginnings of Public Control of Machine-production.
5. Passage of Industries into a public Non-competitive
C