joy and sorrow.

Love is joy with the accompanying idea of an external cause. Hatred is
sorrow with the accompanying idea of an external cause. Devotion is love
towards an object which we admire and wonder at. Derision is joy arising
from the imagination that something we despise is present in the object
we hate. Hope is a joy not constant, arising from the idea of something
future or past, about the issue of which we are doubtful. Fear is sorrow
not constant, arising in like manner.

Confidence is joy arising from the idea of a past or future object from
which the cause for doubting has been removed. Despair is sorrow arising
from a like cause. Confidence springs from hope, despair from fear.
Pride is thinking too highly of ourselves from self-love. Despondency is
thinking too little of ourselves through sorrow.

_IV.--Concerning Human Bondage and Human Liberty_

Good is that which is useful to us; evil, that which impedes the
possession of good. But the terms good and evil are not positive, but
are only modes of thought, by which we compare one thing with another.
Thus, music is good to a melancholy mind, bad to a mourning mind, but
neither bad nor good to a deaf man. We suffer because we form a part of
nature. The power by which we preserve our being is the power of God,
that is part of His essence. But man is subject to passions because he
follows the order of nature.

An affection can only be overcome by a stronger affection. That which
tends to conserve our existence we denominate good. That which hinders
this conservation we style evil. Desire springing from the knowledge of
good and evil can be restrained by desires originating in the affections
by which we are agitated. Thus the effect of external causes on the mind
may be far greater than that of the knowledge of good and evil. The
desire springing from a knowledge of good and evil may be easily
restrained by the desire of present objects. Opinion exercises a more
potent influence than reason. Hence the saying of the poet, "I approve
the better, but follow the worse." And hence also the preacher says "He
that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow." We ought to know both the
strength and the weakness of our nature, that we may judge what reason
can and cannot do in controlling our affections.

Desire springing from joy preponderates over that springing from sorrow.
Man is useful to man because two individuals of the same nature when in
sympathy are str