demand, to a greater value.[1162] What the rich and
great do sets the fashion which others follow as far as they can. In the
laws of Manu we see purchase not yet obsolete, but already regarded as
shameful, if it really is a sale, and so subjected to idealization; that
is, they try to put another construction on it. The ceremonies of
purchase and capture lasted for a very long time, because there was no
other way to indicate the _bond_ of wedlock until the promise came into
use. That has never furnished a bond of equal reality to that of capture
or purchase.

+371. Feminine honor and virtue. Jealousy.+ As the old ceremonies become
obsolete the property idea fades out of the marital relation, and the
woman's exclusive devotion to her husband is no longer a rational
inference from capture or purchase by him, but becomes a sentiment of
sex. Idealization comes into play again and sets a standard of female
honor and duty which rests on womanhood only, and therefore does not
apply to men. It is the lot of every woman to stand beside some man, and
to give her strength and life to help him in every way which
circumstances offer opportunity for. Out of this relation come her ideas
of her honor, duties, and virtue. Jealousy on the part of the husband
also changes its sense. He thinks it an abomination to lend, sell, or
give his wife. Jealousy is not now the sentiment of a property owner,
but it is a masculine sex sentiment which corresponds to the woman's sex
honor and duty. What she gives to him alone he accepts on the same basis
of exclusiveness.

Darwin[1163] argued from the strength of jealousy amongst animals
"as well as from the analogy of the lower animals, more
particularly of those which come nearest to man," that
promiscuity could not have prevailed shortly before man "attained
his present rank in the zoological scale." Then he refers to the
anthropoid apes, which are either monogamous, or pair off for a
limited time, or are polygamous in separate families, or still
again polygamous but living in a society. The jealousy of the
males, and their special weapons for battling with their rivals,
make promiscuity in a state of nature extremely improbable. "It
does not seem possible for us to apprehend the emotion here
called 'jealousy' when shown by an animal. Amongst uncivilized
men the sentiment is that of the property holder. To lend or give
a wife is consistent with that sentimen