0] Seeck, I, 337.

[141] Burckhardt, I, 139 ff.; Beloch, _Griech. Gesch._, I, 283,
570; II, 362.

[142] W. Rob. Smith, _Relig. of the Semites_, 260.

[143] _Od._, XXII, 474 ff.

[144] _Ibid._, 412.

[145] _Iliad_, XXII, 395.

[146] _Iliad_, XXIV, 51.

[147] _Ibid._, XXIII, 164.

[148] Herodotus, IX, 78.

[149] Burckhardt, _Griech. Kulturgesch._, I, 327.

[150] _Globus_, LXXV, 271.

[151] Hubbard, _Smithson. Rep._, 1895, 673.

[152] Herodotus, II, 41.

[153] Burckhardt, _Griech. Kulturgesch._, I, 314.

[154] Galton, _Inquiries into Human Faculty_, 216.

[155] _Amer. Jo. Sociol._, VIII, 408.

[156] Kingsley, _West African Studies_, 377.

[157] _B. & M. Soc. d'Anthrop._, 1901, 362.

[158] Portman, _Station Studies_, 78.

[159] _Amer. Anthrop._, VI, 353, citing _Jo. Afr. Soc._, 1903,
208.

[160] _Globus_, LXXXVII, 129.

[161] Ashton, _Social Life in the Time of Queen Anne_, Chap. XLI.

[162] _N.Y. Times_, September 19, 1904.

[163] Symonds, _Catholic Reaction_, I, 144.

[164] Stoll, _Suggestion und Hypnotismus_, 248.

CHAPTER III

THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE

TOOLS, ARTS, LANGUAGE, MONEY

Processes and artifacts of the food supply.--Fishing.--Methods
of fishing.--The mystic element.--Religion and industry.--
Artifacts and freaks of nature.--Forms of stone axes.--How
stone implements are made.--How arrowheads are made.--How stone
axes are used.--Acculturation or parallelism.--Fire-making
tools.--Psychophysical traits of primitive man.--Language.--
Language and magic.--Language is a case of folkways.--Primitive
dialects.--Taking up and dropping language.--Pigeon dialects.--
How languages grow.--Money.--Intergroup and intragroup money.--
Predominant wares.--Intragroup money from property; intergroup
money from trade.--Shell and bead money.--Token money.--
Selection of a predominant ware.--Stone money in Melanesia.--
Plutocratic effects of money.--Money on the northwest coast of
North America.--Wampumpeag and roanoke.--Ring money. Use of
metal.--The evolution of money.--The ethical functions of
money.

+122. Processes and artifacts of the food supply.+ The processes and the
artifacts which are connected with food supply offer us the purest and
simplest illustrations of the development o