an is kind, but not wasteful; he burdens,
but he does not embitter; he is covetous, but not greedy; high-minded,
but not proud; stern, but not fierce.

Tzu-chang said, What is meant by kindness without waste?

The Master said, To further what furthers the people, is not that
kindness without waste? If burdens be sorted to strength, who will
grumble? To covet love and get love, is that greed? Few or many, small
or great, all is one to a gentleman: he dares not slight any man. Is
not this to be high-minded, but not proud? A gentleman straightens his
robe and cap, and settles his look. He is severe, and men look up to
him with awe. Is not this to be stern, but not fierce?

Tzu-chang said, What are the four evil things?

The Master said, To leave untaught and then kill is cruelty; not to
give warning and to expect things to be done is tyranny; to give
careless orders and be strict when the day comes is robbery; to be
stingy in rewarding men is littleness.

3. The Master said, He that does not know the Bidding cannot be a
gentleman. Not to know good form is to have no foothold. Not to know
words is to know nothing of men.

INDEX

_The Index has been reprinted with few changes from the first edition,
whilst the book itself has been revised. There are therefore slight
differences here and there between the two._

(Aspirated and unaspirated letters have been treated as different
letters. The aspirated letter follows immediately the unaspirated;
e.g. _t'a_ comes after _tung_.)

_Ai_, Duke of Lu, name Chiang, reigned 494-68 B.C.;
ii. 19, asks how to make his people loyal;
iii. 21, asks Tsai Wo about the shrines to guardian spirits;
vi. 2, asks which disciples are fond of learning;
xii. 9, asks what to do in this year of dearth;
xiv. 22, does not avenge the murder of Duke of Ch'i.

_Ao_,
xiv. 6, a man of the Hsia dynasty famous for his strength.

_Chang_, xix. 15, 16 = Tzu-chang, whom see.

_Chao_, vi. 14, Prince of Sung, his beauty.

_Chao_, Duke of Lu, reigned 541-10 B.C.;
vii. 30 (and note), the Master deems him well bred.

_Chao_, one of the great families that governed the state of Chin;
xiv. 12, Meng Kung-ch'o, fit to be steward of.

_Chao-nan_, xvii. 10, the first book of the _Book of Poetry_, a
collection of old Chinese songs.

_Cheng_, a state of ancient China;
xv. 10, its wanton music;
xvii. 18, its strains confound sweet music.

_Chi_, or _Chi-sun_, one of the